Cone beam computed tomography Licensing Exam (VIC)

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1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of TUNGSTEN TARGET used in X-Ray tube head? (1 mark)

A) High atomic number

B) High melting point

C) High thermal conductivity

D) Low thermal conductivity

E) Low vapor pressure

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2. Which among the following is false in regard to a pixel and voxel in CBCT? (1 mark)

A) A pixel is the digital equivalent of silver halide crystal used in conventional radiography

B) Silver halide crystals have an ordered arrangement whereas Pixels are randomly arranged

C) CBCT has an isotropic voxel

D) The voxel is always perfect cube and the measurements are exact

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3. Which among the following is false in regard to a CBCT? (1 mark)

A) Reduction in patient radiation dose when compared to medical CT

B) Rapid scan time and Image accuracy

C) Excellent contrast resolution, thus soft tissue can be viewed

D) Collimation of the x-ray beam allows optimum FOV to be selected

E) Better suited for imaging osseous structures

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4. In dosimetry, the Equivalent Dose takes into account the amount of radiation: (1 mark)

A) With weighting for different types of radiation and tissues

B) With weighting for different types of tissues

C) With no weighting for different types of radiation

D) With weighting for different types of radiation

E) Required to cause a specific amount of damage

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5. Which of the following is a measure of the cancer risk to a whole organism due to ionizing radiation delivered non-uniformly to part(s) of its body? (1 mark)

A) Absorbed dose

B) Equivalent dose

C) Effective dose

D) Radiation exposure

E) Radioactivity

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6. Which among the following about somatic deterministic effects of radiation is false? (1 mark)

A) These are damaging effects to the body.

B) It will definitely result from specific high dose of radiation.

C) The severity of the effect is not proportional to the dose received.

D) In most cases a threshold dose exists below which there will be no effect.

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7. Which of the following is classified as a stochastic effect of radiation exposure? (1 mark)

A) Hair loss

B) Central nervous system syndrome

C) Cataracts

D) Radiation burns

E) Cancer

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8. The peak kilovoltage (kVp) determines:

i) The number of x-rays produced

ii) The kinetic energy of the x-rays produced

iii) The direction x-rays travel

iv) The penetrating ability of the X-rays

(1 mark)

A) i)

B) i) and iii)

C) iii)

D) ii) and iii)

E) i), ii) and iv)

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9. When an x-ray is produced by an interaction that results in characteristic radiation, an electron: (1 mark)

A) Passes close to the nucleus

B) Passes close to an electron

C) Collides with an inner shell electron

D) Collides with an outer shell electron

E) Collides with the nucleus

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10. Identify the structure indicated by the arrow marked “A” in this x-ray tube, and name the material it is made from? (2 marks)

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11. Fill up the blank
—————- radiation are produced when high-speed electrons pass close to, or strike, the nuclei of the target atoms
(1 mark)

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12. Identify the type of Radiation effect based on the following characteristic features (1 mark)

It is the effect induced when body is exposed to any dose of radiation
There is no threshold dose
Severity of effect is not proportional to the dose of radiation

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13. What is the SI Unit of Effective dose? (1 mark)

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14. If a female dental practitioner is pregnant, the maximum permissible effective dose the unborn baby may be exposed to if absolutely required for diagnostic purposes is…………… (1 mark)

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15. In an x-ray tube, the focusing cup is made of …………….? (1 mark)

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16. During x-ray production, how much energy is converted into x-rays? (1 mark)

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17. As detailed in the ARPANSA guidelines, how much is the permissible level (for general public) of radiation per annum?
(1 mark)

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18. How much is the minimum equivalent thickness of lead required for a protective lead apron? (1 mark)

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19. Write the 3 Guiding principles in radiation protection in detail. (3 marks)

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20. What is inverse square law? (1 mark)

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21. Write a short note on Time – Distance – Shielding principle (2 marks)

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22. What are the required characteristics for an ideal CBCT image for diagnosis? (2 marks)

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23. What are the factors affecting resolution? Write in detail. (3 marks)

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24. Identify at least 8 normal anatomic landmarks in the CBCT images below? (0.5 * 8 = 4 marks)

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25. In fig 1 – What does the red line represent?

In fig 2 – Identify the type of CBCT image.
(0.5 + 0.5 = 1 mark)

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26. Fill in the blank space

…………….. is a slice through the anatomy from side to side (1 mark)

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27. What are the indications of lead apron? (2 marks)

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28. Identify the 3 different types of cone beam artifacts in this image? (3 marks)

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29. How can beam hardening be minimized? (1 mark)

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30. Identify the error in this image? (1 mark)

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31. Identify the artifact in this image and write the cause? (1 mark)

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32. Write the 6 main indications of CBCT in Implantology (0.5 * 6 = 3)

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33. Identify the artifacts indicated by the white arrows? (1 mark)

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34. Identify the artifact indicated by the arrows (1 mark)

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35. How can you avoid the metal artifacts in a CBCT image? (2 marks)

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36. Write a short note on Medicolegal responsibilities for the dental practitioner in relation to radiology (specifically CBCT)? (2 marks)

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37. Identify the artifact indicated by the arrow. (1 mark)

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38. Please fill up the blanks (0.5 mark)

Differences	CBCT	Medical CT
1) Shape of Radiation Beam

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39. Please fill up the blanks (0.5 mark)

Differences	CBCT	Medical CT
1) Radiation Exposure

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40. Write a short note on use of thyroid lead shield in a patient who is undertaking a CBCT scan (3 marks)

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41. How would you optimize the patient doses while taking a CBCT image? (2 marks)

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42. Please give your valuable feedback. (min 35 – 40 words)

Cone beam computed tomography Licensing Exam (VIC)

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